GREM2 and BMP4

Number of citations: 0 (PubMedID 15039429)
Data Source: HPRD (in vivo)

		GREM2	BMP4
Name		gremlin 2, DAN family BMP antagonist	bone morphogenetic protein 4
Structure		No pdb structure	No pdb structure
GO Annotations	Cellular Component	Extracellular Region Extracellular Space	Extracellular Region Extracellular Space Endoplasmic Reticulum Lumen
	Molecular Function	Cytokine Activity Heparin Binding BMP Binding Identical Protein Binding Receptor Ligand Activity	Cytokine Activity Protein Binding Growth Factor Activity Heparin Binding Co-receptor Binding Chemoattractant Activity Protein Serine/threonine Kinase Activator Activity BMP Receptor Binding
	Biological Process	Embryonic Body Morphogenesis Cytokine-mediated Signaling Pathway Negative Regulation Of BMP Signaling Pathway Sequestering Of BMP From Receptor Via BMP Binding Determination Of Dorsal Identity Regulation Of Cytokine Activity	Negative Regulation Of Transcription By RNA Polymerase II Skeletal System Development Ossification Angiogenesis Blood Vessel Development Osteoblast Differentiation Metanephros Development Ureteric Bud Development Branching Involved In Ureteric Bud Morphogenesis Mesoderm Formation Organ Induction Kidney Development Mesonephros Development Neural Tube Closure Positive Regulation Of Protein Phosphorylation Positive Regulation Of Endothelial Cell Proliferation Vasculature Development Endochondral Ossification Blood Vessel Endothelial Cell Proliferation Involved In Sprouting Angiogenesis Chondrocyte Differentiation Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Differentiation Lymphoid Progenitor Cell Differentiation Myeloid Leukocyte Differentiation Heart Morphogenesis Renal System Process Heart Induction Secondary Heart Field Specification Outflow Tract Septum Morphogenesis Membranous Septum Morphogenesis Muscular Septum Morphogenesis Outflow Tract Morphogenesis Sinoatrial Node Development Aortic Valve Morphogenesis Pulmonary Valve Morphogenesis Endocardial Cushion Development Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition Involved In Endocardial Cushion Formation Cardiac Right Ventricle Morphogenesis Apoptotic Process Involved In Endocardial Cushion Morphogenesis Cardiac Septum Development Type B Pancreatic Cell Development Transcription By RNA Polymerase II Germ Cell Development Endoderm Development Mesoderm Development Mesodermal Cell Fate Determination Heart Development Cell Population Proliferation Positive Regulation Of Cell Population Proliferation Negative Regulation Of Cell Population Proliferation Post-embryonic Development Anterior/posterior Axis Specification Specification Of Animal Organ Position Regulation Of Cell Fate Commitment Gene Expression Regulation Of Gene Expression Positive Regulation Of Gene Expression Negative Regulation Of Gene Expression Positive Regulation Of Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition Telencephalon Development Dorsal/ventral Neural Tube Patterning Telencephalon Regionalization Pituitary Gland Development Negative Regulation Of Cell-cell Adhesion Cell Differentiation Erythrocyte Differentiation Monocyte Differentiation Macrophage Differentiation Lung Development Embryonic Limb Morphogenesis Positive Regulation Of Cell Migration Positive Regulation Of Bone Mineralization BMP Signaling Pathway Regulation Of BMP Signaling Pathway Positive Regulation Of BMP Signaling Pathway Negative Regulation Of BMP Signaling Pathway Positive Regulation Of Epithelial Cell Differentiation Forebrain Development Positive Regulation Of Protein Binding Negative Regulation Of Chondrocyte Differentiation Positive Regulation Of Collagen Biosynthetic Process Negative Regulation Of T Cell Differentiation In Thymus Negative Regulation Of Immature T Cell Proliferation In Thymus Embryonic Hindlimb Morphogenesis Tendon Cell Differentiation Deltoid Tuberosity Development Ameloblast Differentiation Regulation Of Protein Import Into Nucleus Odontogenesis Of Dentin-containing Tooth Odontogenesis Regulation Of Odontogenesis Of Dentin-containing Tooth Inner Ear Auditory Receptor Cell Differentiation Embryonic Digit Morphogenesis Camera-type Eye Development Positive Regulation Of Apoptotic Process Positive Regulation Of Programmed Cell Death Cell Fate Commitment Regulation Of Cell Differentiation Negative Regulation Of Cell Differentiation Positive Regulation Of Endothelial Cell Differentiation Positive Regulation Of Epidermal Cell Differentiation Negative Regulation Of Myoblast Differentiation Positive Regulation Of Neuron Differentiation Positive Regulation Of Osteoblast Differentiation Positive Regulation Of Ossification Negative Regulation Of Cell Cycle Negative Regulation Of Mitotic Nuclear Division Negative Regulation Of Striated Muscle Tissue Development Negative Regulation Of DNA-templated Transcription Positive Regulation Of DNA-templated Transcription Positive Regulation Of Transcription By RNA Polymerase II Lung Alveolus Development Mesodermal Cell Differentiation Intermediate Mesodermal Cell Differentiation Camera-type Eye Morphogenesis Embryonic Morphogenesis Anatomical Structure Formation Involved In Morphogenesis Regulation Of Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Positive Regulation Of Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Negative Regulation Of Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Neuron Fate Commitment Embryonic Cranial Skeleton Morphogenesis Embryonic Skeletal System Morphogenesis Embryonic Skeletal System Development Smooth Muscle Tissue Development Stem Cell Differentiation Epithelial Cell Proliferation Positive Regulation Of Epithelial Cell Proliferation Negative Regulation Of Epithelial Cell Proliferation Positive Chemotaxis Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation Regulation Of Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation Cartilage Development Negative Regulation Of Multicellular Organismal Process Cardiac Muscle Cell Differentiation Positive Regulation Of Cardiac Muscle Fiber Development Lens Induction In Camera-type Eye Embryonic Skeletal Joint Morphogenesis Bone Development Cranial Suture Morphogenesis Positive Regulation Of SMAD Protein Signal Transduction Lung Morphogenesis Lung Vasculature Development Epithelium Development Bronchus Development Trachea Development Trachea Formation Epithelial Tube Branching Involved In Lung Morphogenesis Branching Involved In Prostate Gland Morphogenesis Bud Elongation Involved In Lung Branching Epithelial Cell Proliferation Involved In Lung Morphogenesis Bud Dilation Involved In Lung Branching Prostate Gland Morphogenesis Prostatic Bud Formation Muscle Tissue Development Mammary Gland Formation Epithelial-mesenchymal Cell Signaling Negative Regulation Of Prostatic Bud Formation Regulation Of Branching Involved In Prostate Gland Morphogenesis Regulation Of Morphogenesis Of A Branching Structure Coronary Vasculature Development Regulation Of Cartilage Development Positive Regulation Of Cartilage Development Positive Regulation Of Branching Involved In Lung Morphogenesis Pharyngeal Arch Artery Morphogenesis Negative Regulation Of Thymocyte Apoptotic Process Positive Regulation Of ERK1 And ERK2 Cascade Cellular Response To Growth Factor Stimulus Cellular Response To BMP Stimulus Glomerular Capillary Formation Negative Regulation Of Glomerular Mesangial Cell Proliferation Nephric Duct Formation Ureter Morphogenesis Negative Regulation Of Mesenchymal Cell Proliferation Involved In Ureter Development Regulation Of Branching Involved In Ureteric Bud Morphogenesis Negative Regulation Of Branching Involved In Ureteric Bud Morphogenesis Negative Regulation Of Glomerulus Development Positive Regulation Of Protein Localization To Nucleus Positive Regulation Of P38MAPK Cascade Positive Regulation Of Odontoblast Differentiation Regulation Of MiRNA Transcription Negative Regulation Of MiRNA Transcription Pericyte Cell Differentiation Negative Regulation Of Vascular Associated Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Negative Regulation Of Vascular Associated Smooth Muscle Cell Migration Cardiac Jelly Development Positive Regulation Of Cardiac Neural Crest Cell Migration Involved In Outflow Tract Morphogenesis Regulation Of Mesodermal Cell Differentiation Negative Regulation Of Metanephric S-shaped Body Morphogenesis Negative Regulation Of Metanephric Comma-shaped Body Morphogenesis Positive Regulation Of Primary MiRNA Processing Regulation Of Cardiac Muscle Cell Differentiation Negative Regulation Of Extrinsic Apoptotic Signaling Pathway
Pathways		Signaling by BMP	Molecules associated with elastic fibres Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs) Post-translational protein phosphorylation Germ layer formation at gastrulation Formation of lateral plate mesoderm Formation of intermediate mesoderm Formation of paraxial mesoderm Specification of primordial germ cells Formation of the nephric duct Formation of the ureteric bud Specification of the neural plate border
Drugs		None	Calcium
Diseases		None	Anophthalmia and microphthalmia (A/M)
GWAS		Ankle-brachial index ( 22199011 ) Heel bone mineral density ( 31453325 ) Heel bone mineral density variance ( 31453325 ) Immune response to smallpox vaccine (IL-6) ( 22542470 ) Lumbar spine bone mineral density (integral) ( 27476799 ) Lumbar spine bone mineral density (trabecular) ( 27476799 ) Mean corpuscular hemoglobin ( 32888494 ) Response to allopurinol in gout (change in serum uric acid levels) ( 30924126 )	Blond vs. brown/black hair color ( 30531825 ) Brain morphology (MOSTest) ( 32665545 ) Cataracts ( 34127677 ) Chin dimples ( 27182965 ) Colorectal cancer ( 25990418 26151821 19011631 ) Colorectal cancer or advanced adenoma ( 30510241 ) Dental caries ( 23259602 ) Estimated glomerular filtration rate ( 31152163 ) Glomerular filtration rate (creatinine) ( 26831199 ) Heel bone mineral density ( 30598549 28869591 ) High myopia ( 31816047 ) Immune reponse to smallpox (secreted IFN-alpha) ( 22610502 ) Logical memory (delayed recall) in normal cognition ( 29274321 ) Lung function (FEV1/FVC) ( 30804560 ) Monobrow thickness ( 26926045 ) Myopia ( 27182965 ) Optic cup area ( 25631615 ) Optic disc size ( 31809533 ) Parkinson's disease ( 19915575 ) Peak expiratory flow ( 30804560 ) Primary tooth development (time to first tooth eruption) ( 23704328 ) Refractive error ( 32231278 ) Spherical equivalent or myopia (age of diagnosis) ( 29808027 ) Vertical cup-disc ratio (adjusted for vertical disc diameter) ( 31959993 ) Vertical cup-disc ratio (multi-trait analysis) ( 31959993 ) Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index ( 27195708 )
Interacting Genes		2 interacting genes: BMP2 BMP4	18 interacting genes: ACVR2A BGN BMP8B BMPER BMPR1A BMPR1B BMPR2 CHRDL1 CHRDL2 CRIPTO GREM2 HTRA1 NOG RGMB SOSTDC1 STAP2 TWSG1 ZFYVE9
Entrez ID		64388	652
HPRD ID		16390	00207
Ensembl ID		ENSG00000180875	ENSG00000125378
Uniprot IDs		Q9H772	P12644 Q53XC5
PDB IDs		Not available	Not available
GO Terms Enriched among Interactors		Cardiac Jelly Development Heart Induction Ameloblast Differentiation Telencephalon Regionalization Positive Regulation Of Odontoblast Differentiation Positive Regulation Of Neuroepithelial Cell Differentiation Regulation Of Odontogenesis Of Dentin-containing Tooth Regulation Of Heart Morphogenesis Regulation Of Odontoblast Differentiation Co-receptor Binding Lung Vasculature Development BMP Receptor Binding Regulation Of Odontogenesis Regulation Of Cardiac Muscle Cell Differentiation Organ Induction Developmental Induction Regulation Of Animal Organ Formation Cellular Response To BMP Stimulus Positive Regulation Of P38MAPK Cascade Telencephalon Development Cardiac Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition Positive Regulation Of Cartilage Development Cardiac Muscle Cell Differentiation Positive Regulation Of Bone Mineralization Regulation Of P38MAPK Cascade Branching Involved In Ureteric Bud Morphogenesis Positive Regulation Of SMAD Protein Signal Transduction Cardiocyte Differentiation Positive Regulation Of Biomineral Tissue Development Positive Regulation Of Ossification Heart Valve Morphogenesis Heart Morphogenesis Vasculature Development Negative Regulation Of Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Mesenchyme Development Chondrocyte Differentiation Positive Regulation Of Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition Positive Regulation Of Epithelial Cell Differentiation Regulation Of SMAD Protein Signal Transduction Regulation Of Cartilage Development Striated Muscle Cell Differentiation Positive Regulation Of Osteoblast Differentiation Bone Development Odontogenesis Of Dentin-containing Tooth Protein Serine/threonine Kinase Activator Activity Muscle Tissue Morphogenesis Regulation Of MiRNA Transcription Regulation Of Bone Mineralization Regulation Of Animal Organ Morphogenesis BMP Signaling Pathway	Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor Superfamily Signaling Pathway Cell Surface Receptor Protein Serine/threonine Kinase Signaling Pathway BMP Signaling Pathway BMP Binding Regulation Of Transmembrane Receptor Protein Serine/threonine Kinase Signaling Pathway Negative Regulation Of BMP Signaling Pathway Enzyme-linked Receptor Protein Signaling Pathway BMP Receptor Activity Regulation Of BMP Signaling Pathway Negative Regulation Of Cellular Response To Growth Factor Stimulus Negative Regulation Of Transmembrane Receptor Protein Serine/threonine Kinase Signaling Pathway Regulation Of SMAD Protein Signal Transduction Pattern Specification Process Cellular Response To BMP Stimulus Transmembrane Receptor Protein Serine/threonine Kinase Activity Cell Surface Receptor Signaling Pathway Positive Regulation Of SMAD Protein Signal Transduction Cartilage Development Regulation Of Cellular Response To Growth Factor Stimulus Animal Organ Development Regulation Of Osteoblast Differentiation Regionalization Activin Receptor Signaling Pathway Extracellular Space Positive Regulation Of Transmembrane Receptor Protein Serine/threonine Kinase Signaling Pathway Positive Regulation Of Bone Mineralization Regulation Of Signal Transduction Growth Factor Binding Mesoderm Formation Pharyngeal Arch Artery Morphogenesis Positive Regulation Of Biomineral Tissue Development Osteoblast Differentiation Positive Regulation Of Ossification Cellular Response To Growth Factor Stimulus Formation Of Primary Germ Layer Regulation Of Cell Communication Regulation Of Signaling Dorsal/ventral Pattern Formation Anterior/posterior Pattern Specification Animal Organ Morphogenesis Response To Growth Factor Cellular Developmental Process Cell Differentiation Positive Regulation Of Osteoblast Differentiation Signal Transduction Epithelial Cell Proliferation Developmental Process Regulation Of Bone Mineralization Extracellular Region Activin Receptor Activity, Type II